New Insights into the Molecular Basis of T Cell Anergy: Anergy Factors, Avoidance Sensors, and Epigenetic Imprinting

Sensors, and Epigenetic Imprinting Cell Anergy: Anergy Factors, Avoidance New Insights into the Molecular Basis of T

Molecular regulation of T-cell anergy.

The activation of T cells is tightly controlled by many positive and negative regulatory processes. This fine-tuning allows productive immunity to pathogens while minimizing the risk of autoimmunity. One negative regulatory mechanism is clonal anergy, which is a hyporesponsive state that occurs when T cells are activated through the T-cell antigen receptor in the absence of appropriate co-stimu...

The Balance Between Donor T Cell Anergy

IL-2 signaling prevents T cell anergy by inhibiting the expression of anergy-inducing genes.

T cell responses are determined by the environment in which antigen is encountered. In the absence of proper costimulation, anergizing stimuli induce the activation of a specific program of gene expression. Proteins encoded by these genes impose a state of functional unresponsiveness in anergic T cells through the activation of different mechanisms that include dampening of the T cell receptor ...

The induction and maintenance of T cell anergy.

While the "true" role of T cell anergy in promoting peripheral tolerance continues to be debated, it is clear that studying the various models of anergy have led to important insight in terms of understanding the pathways and molecules responsible for T cell activation and inhibition. This review will examine our current understanding of CD4+ T cell anergy. In particular, it will focus on the s...